[SPRi] 세계화 4.0과 미래 사회 - 새로운 디지털 사회에 대응하는 우리의 실천과제

 

 

 

 

*** 출처: [SPRi] 세계화 4.0과 미래 사회 - 새로운 디지털 사회에 대응하는 우리의 실천과제

*** 문서:

[이슈리포트 2019-003] 세계화 4.0과 미래 사회.pdf

 

 

 

1. 세계화 4.0(Globalisation 4.0)이란?

 

 

□ 세계경제포럼 슈밥 회장은 세계화4.0과 4차 산업혁명이 중첩되어 등장한 G2 신냉전(미-중 패권경쟁), 사회적 불평등에 대한 대응으로 ‘인간중심 (human-centered)의 사회’를 미래 비전으로 제시

 

 

￮ 다만, 세계화4.0을 추동하는 인공지능이나 블록체인과 같은 디지털 기술은 분권화(분산자율)와 집중화(독점집중)의 양면성을 가지고 있어, 이러한 이중성에 대한 균형을 유지하며 인간중심의 경제·사회를 구축하는 것이 중요

 

 

2. 디지털 패러다임의 양면성

 

 

□ 디지털 패러다임이 주도하는 세계화 4.0(Globalization 4.0)은 분권화와 집중화의 이중적 프레임이 작동하여 사회구조를 형성

 

 

￮ (분산·분권화) 디지털화에 따른 거래비용의 감소로 수직 통합적 대기업이 처리하던 과업이 세분화되고 시장거래가 늘어나면서 과업형 소기업들이 새롭게 출현

 

 

￮ (집중·집권화와 감시사회의 가능성) 소수 플랫폼 기업의 독점을 통한 초과이윤 문제와 함께 기성권력의 지배감시가 증가할 가능성이 높음

 

- 우버, 구글, 페이스북 등 플랫폼을 독점하는 소수의 기업이 플랫폼 참여자에 지배력을 행사하면서 초과 이윤을 확보 (WEF, 2019; Mazzucato, 2018)

 

- 빅데이터와 AI에 의한 감시가 일상화되어 표현의 자유와 같은 인간의 정치적 기본권이 위협받고 정치적 공론장이 위축되며 기성 권력의 디지털 중앙집권화가 강화될 가능성도 존재

 

 

□ 따라서 이 보고서에서는 최근 새롭게 등장하는 정치·경제적 현상과 메커니즘을 세계화4.0으로 대변되는 디지털 패러다임이 갖는 양면성의 시각(집중과 분산)에서 재해석하고자 작성되었음

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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《 목 차 》

 

1. 세계화 4.0이란? ······································································································· 1

2. 디지털 패러다임의 양면성 ··················································································· 2

3. 정치·사회의 디지털 트렌드 ··············································································· 3

3.1. 정치참여의 변화 : 대의형→복합지배형 ······················································· 3

3.2. 여론형성의 변화 : 단방향→양방향 ······························································· 5

3.3. 국경개념의 변화 : 물리적→디지털 ······························································· 6

4. 산업·경제의 디지털 트렌드 ··············································································· 8

4.1. 산업의 전환 : 해체되는 규모의 경제 ··························································· 8

4.2. 가치체계의 전환 : 가치사슬→가치의 재구성 ··········································· 10

4.3. 새로운 혁신주체의 등장 : 기업→인플루언서 ··········································· 11

5. 한국 사회의 전환방향 ························································································· 13

5.1. 체제전환과 3가지 정책방향 ············································································13

5.2. 미래 사회를 위한 실천방안 ·········································································· 14

[별첨] 디지털 참여와 피드백에 기반한 투표와 주요 정당 ···························· 16

참고문헌 ···················································································································· 17